本文转自南美，由‘bravozf’翻译整理，感谢。不妥之处请见谅。括号内是译者的话。
正文如下：
首先声明一下，Barr写这篇文章并不是说CO2在草缸中不重要，相反他还有教程教大家怎么DIY co2反应堆。这个方法主要是基于多数人养鱼或养草是为了观赏而不是整天折腾，忙着换水，修剪等等，所以他认为这是一个既省钱又省心，同时也能养好草的方法。原文链接在这里：http://www.aquaticquotient.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13623括号中是我自己的话While much of the attention and aquascape seen on the web focuses on CO2 enrichment in their methods, Diana Walstad presents an excellent argument for the approach of a non CO2 enriched planted Aquarium. We should also extend this to include Excel and carbon enrichment liquids as well as acetate which allow some algae to exist without any light or CO2 and grow heterotrophically (like us). She discusses not needing test kits, water changes, pruning often, dosing, work that most aquarist do not care for.关于如何养好草缸，目前主流观点是需要加入充足的CO2，现在Diana Walstad却提出了一个完全不需要额外CO2的方法。不过此方法使用了Excel及其他一些含碳的药剂。她的观点是不需要测试设备，不需要换水，水草不需要常修剪以及不需要加肥。What? You mean no water changes? Yes, that's right.无需换水！No testing? Yes, that's right, but you can if you wish.无需测试水质！Not much pruning? Yes, that's right, the plants grow much slower.无需修剪水草！（因为它们会长得很慢）No dosing? Generally yes for many easy to care for plant species(I'll discuss this much more later), the fish waste represents the dosing and you feeding them daily adds the nutrients.对于养殖难度不高的水草是这样的，因为鱼的便便就是天然的水草肥料。So why don't more folks do it?I'm not sure, given the goals they say they want when setting up a planted tank.CO2 is a bit like a drug addiction that hobbyists get hooked on. That's fine, but this non CO2 approach will give an excuse to have another tank that needs less attention and is cheap.CO2对于草缸来说就像是会上瘾的毒品一样（需要持续添加），但这个“无CO2”的方法提供给大家一个省钱省力的alternative。I suggest folks coming from either the non CO2 or the CO2 enrichment approaches to give the other method a try and see what benefits it has.我建议大家，平时习惯加co2也好，不加co2也好，都来试一下这个方法，亲眼看看效果如何。CO2 and non CO2 tanks work for all the same reasons, but........They grow at different rates.加co2和不加co2的缸目的是一样的，（当然是养水草），但是水草的生长速度就不同了。Based off of my testing, I'd estimate close to 5 to 10 times slower than a CO2 enriched tank at 2-3 w/gal.根据我的实验结果，在2-3w/加仑（0.5-0.8w/L）的光照条件下，不加co2的缸生长速度要慢于加co2的缸5-10倍。This rate of growth is such that the fish waste alone is enough to supply the needs for the plants. If we added more light then the CO2 would start becoming a more limiting factor and allow algae to grow better (algae need higher light to grow well in non CO2 enriched systems whereas the plants are much more limited without CO2). A lower light level is required; generally about 1.5 to 2w/gal is good.这个生长速度是基于鱼便便已足够提供水草生长所需养分的条件下得出的。如果我们在此基础上增加光照，那么此时缸中的CO2含量就会变成一个制约因素（光照强度和co2含量有最佳比例？），藻类就会开始增长，因为在强光照下，如果没有co2藻类会比水草长得好得多。因此无co2的方案中，低光照强度是必须的，一般1.5-2w/gal（0.4-0.5w/L）为佳。We also need a balanced fish load and feeding routine since this is our main long term input of plant nutrients. Fish food varies in it's amount and ratio of nutrients. This is not an issue unless it becomes limiting. Very often since non CO2 tanks get neglected, they have trouble growing certain plants. If these nutrients are not allowed to bottom out(Say PO4 or NO3), then many of the species folks suggest cannot be kept, suddenly can be kept in non CO2 tanks but they simply grow slower.同时我们还需要控制合理的鱼类数量（fish load这里不太好翻，应该是鱼和缸体的比例的意思），以及有规律的，定期的喂养，因为鱼的便便将是水草长期的，主要的营养来源。不同的鱼食营养成分不一，不过一般而言不是问题。我们通常认为某些水草在不添加co2的缸中无法存活，其实是因为我们没有仔细研究个中原因，事实上只要保证水草所需的营养，比如PO4（磷酸盐）和NO3（硝酸盐），那些所谓不能养的水草其实是完全可以养的，只是长得会慢一些。Rather than suggesting allelopathy, Fe algae limitation of PO4 limitation, I will say none of this exist. Rather, non limiting nutrient levels for plants will provide better conditions.我认为所谓的植化相克，以及通过限制Fe,PO4来限制藻类的说法都是无意义的，相反，不限制水中的营养成份对于水草来说反而更好。CO2 will limit both plants and algae, the lower light and high plant biomass density will provide a better place for the plants and a worse place for the algae. CO2 and non CO2 tanks work well and are algae free namely due to high plant biomass that is relatively healthy. This plant biomass removes NH4 from the fish waste.CO2对于水草和藻类都有制约作用，低光照+高密度种植水草的缸环境对于藻类是不利但对水草是有利的。有无添加CO2的缸都可以做到无藻，关键原因就在于高密度，健康的水草。因为水草会分解鱼便便中的NH4（所以不会暴藻）。We can add KNO3 and KH2PO4 and show that in a non CO2 tank, excess PO4, NO3 (and Fe) do not cause algae blooms. We can add NH4 and induce a bloom just like a CO2 enriched tank.可以做个实验，在不添加CO2的缸中加入KNO3（硝酸钾）和KH2PO4（磷酸二氢钾），我们会发现过多的PO4和NO3还有铁都不会导致暴藻。而加入NH4后无论是否添加CO2的缸都会暴藻。This assumption and knowledge frees us from limitation of nutrients which ultimately does more harm to the plants' health and well being, allowing a better environment for algae to grow.这个结论推翻了我们原来关于通过控制水中营养成分来制约藻类的观念，证明这种观念最终只会对水草不利。
【技术论坛】翻译Tom Barr先生的无Co2草缸方法
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老鬼
Doing water changes adds CO2 back to a CO2 limited tank.Plants and algae both can and do adapt to low CO2 environments and induce genes to make enzymes that concentrate CO2 around Rubisco, the CO2 fixing enzyme. When we add the CO2 at higher levels back, this causes the plants and algae to destroy the low CO2 enzymes and start growing without of them since they no longer need them to fix CO2 form the KH ( the -HCO3).Why keep all this machinery around if you no longer need it? Doing weekly water changes "fools" the plants and helps encourage algae more. Algae are faster to respond to low CO2 than plants.Once the plants do adapt, they can do well.换水过程会把CO2加入进鱼缸水草和藻类都会适应低CO2浓度的环境，方法就是利用Rubisco这种用来固化CO2的酶。当我们把含相对高浓度co2的新水加入后，植物和藻类就会抛弃原本已经形成的机制而重新开始生长，因为它们已经不需要Rubisco来从HCO3中固定CO2了。如果你每周换水，水草的生理机制就会被打乱，但相对的藻类却得到了机会，因为藻类比水草更容易适应低浓度的CO2。（就是说换水后水草需要更长时间来重新调整固化CO2的机制）。这段的结论就是，一旦植物适应了环境，即便是低CO2也不会有事的。Soil substrates are popular with non CO2 users and they work well but peter out after about 6-12 months. They help the plants get established initially and supply nutrients that are other wise lacking in the beginning before many fish are added and the tank has had a chance to accumulate waste.用泥作底床比较适合无CO2添加的缸，但缺点是它们在半年到一年后效力就慢慢消失了。用泥作底床对于水草来说好处是在建缸初期能提供充足的养分，因为初期缸里往往还没有多少鱼，即便有鱼地床上也不能积累足够的便便。I suggest onyx sand as it added Ca, Mg, and Fe, and I add mulm/detritus freshly from another established tank to add bacteria and cycle the tank immediately. I also add a form of organic material other than soil. The bacteria that break the waste down need a source of carbon as an electron donor besides the elements in the waste. Like us, they need their carbs as well. As these bacteria break the carbon and waste down, they consume O2.This lowers the redox values in the substrate freeing up Fe2+ and other nutrients.我推荐（玛瑙沙？）因为它包含钙、镁和铁。我还在新缸中放入从旧缸里捞过来的新鲜的淤泥来帮助建立生态循环。此外我会再进入一些有机物质（怀疑是不是腐肉之类的）。分解垃圾的硝化细菌需要碳作为电子传递的供体，在分解垃圾的同时它们还会消耗氧气。This lowers the redox values in the substrate freeing up Fe2+ and other nutrients.（最后一句不理解）Add too much organic matter and O2 and you get O2 levels that are too low and cause issues for your tank. Soil also has NH4, this we know to cause algae in higher amounts and it does not take much! Ways around this: don;t use soil, it's messy and has NH4/urea. Boiling the soil for a few minutes will oxidize the NH4 to NO3. Allowing damp soil to be spread thinly outside for few weeks(3) will allow the NH4 to be converted into NO3 by bacteria.Peat moss, ground peat, works well also.然而加入过多有机物会使鱼缸中含氧量降低。底泥也含有铵，我们已经知道少量的铵就会导致暴藻。解决方法是：1.不要用底泥2把泥煮几分钟并养几周，让硝化细菌把铵转化成NO3硝酸盐.
老鬼
The other options are add lots of mulm instead and leonardite.Leonardite is great, it last a very long time, adds a slow release form of carbon, matches the gravel's color, sinks easily poses no issues if you disturb and uproot plants.除了加入有机物质，还可以加入大量旧缸中的淤泥和风化褐煤，风化褐煤是一种很不错的碳源，持续时间长，缓慢释放，很容易沉底，对于水草移植也没有影响。You should always add fresh mulm to any new tank. Add some form of carbon as well, pre soaked/boiled soil, pre soaked peat, leonardite.结论：对于新缸需要加入这些玩意—从旧缸里捞过来的新鲜烂泥，某种形式的碳（如风化褐煤），处理过的底泥，处理过的泥炭（这个不理解）。Dosing:Since the plants are the same as they are in a CO2 enriched tank and we know the rates of uptake are there, we can scale down the rates for the non CO2 dosing routine.既然有无CO2添加植物对营养的吸收都是一样的，我们便可以降低无CO2缸的施肥量（因为草长得慢）。I removed all fish and critters from the test tanks, I dosed only with KNO3m, and other inorganic fertilizer so that I would see only plant uptake and inorganic ferts contributions to the plant's health.实验之前我把缸里的鱼全赶走了，实验过程中我只用了KNO3（硝酸钾）和其他的无机肥料，为的是确保营养全部被植物吸收，以及观察无机肥对水草的作用。Going back and assuming 80-90% of the nutrients will come from the fish load, I added once a week KNO3/KH2PO4.基于前面的假设，即水草80-90%的营养来源与鱼的排泄，我仅仅每周添加一次硝酸钾和磷酸二氢钾。While trace mixes can be added, I decided to use SeaChem Equilibrium instead.It has Fe and Mn as well as Ca/K/Mg/SO4.I will add about 1/4 teaspoon per 20 gal tank once every week or two.This greatly enhances the growth of the plants.I also will add about 1/8" and 1/32" teaspoon of KNO3 and KH2PO4 respectively once a week or two.实验中我使用了SeaChem Equilibrium，它包含铁，锰，钙，钾，镁和SO4，每一到两周添加一次，每次每20加仑水添加1/4调羹。植物生长情况非常理想。此外我另加1/8和1/32调羹的硝酸钾和磷酸二氢钾，周期一样。
老鬼
The plants will respond very well to this routine. You can let the tank go for awhile and not dose to purge any excesses that might have built up over a month or two or you can test to see rather than do the water change.通过该方法水草长得很好。过一段时间后养料可以不用添加，因为前期可能有过量营养积累在缸中，此时不用管，也不需要换水。DW does not suggest dosing, but adding 2-3 things once a week or two, certainly is not that tough???? the plants do gain a lot and then you can grow most any plant in a non CO2 tank.Diana Walstad的方法中提出不需要施肥，但是施肥比起添加CO2实在是简单多了，而且对水草十分有利，你还可以在无CO2添加的缸中种植原本认为不能种的植物，何乐而不为呢。From here if you want more growth, Excel is a good option. You can add about 2-3x as much ferts then.现在如果你还想让植物涨得更好，那就再加一点Excel。（我印象中Excel好像成份就是戊二醛，可以给植物提供CO2，但这样岂不是会打破Barr前面自己说的平衡机制吗？自相矛盾啊）Smaller hang on the back filters work well.小型背滤就很好了。One thing many folks setting up any planted tank seems tom over look, plant densely from the very start, do not wait for the plants to grow in!有件事情很多人开缸的时候都忽略了，那就是种草的时候就要密集种植，不要散开来中然后等它们自己长密。Add some cheaper plants till the main display plants grow it and slowly remove the "starter plants" as needed.开缸时先种些便宜的草，等水质好了在酌情把闯缸草去掉。Set up the substrate well, this is the main part of the non CO2 tank.底床一定要设置好，这对于无CO2添加的缸来说至关重要。Feed the fish well. Add algae eaters, they will work many times more efficiently since the algae grow slower under non CO2 conditions also!1" per gallon is a good rule of green thumb for fish stocking levels.好好喂鱼。需要的话加几条工具鱼，效果会很好因为这种情况下藻类长的会很慢。鱼的合理密度是每加仑1英寸。These tanks often look better on any given day than the CO2 enriched tanks.搞好以后这种缸绝对比添加CO2的缸要好看。The lower light and lack of gadgets and maintenance make these tanks much more efficient and cheaper for folks. If you leave for a week, the tank does fine as is. No worry.低光照，器材简单，维护量小是这种缸的特点，所以说省钱省心，即使你出去旅游了一个礼拜也不要紧。Maintenance routines: 维护方法Dose once a week(optional)每周施肥一次Add evaporation top off water 水蒸发掉了就补水（不是换水）Snip tops off plants that get too unruly. 如果水草乱涨就做修剪Feed fish daily. 每天喂鱼As dirt and growth get further out of hand, you can uproot and do a big hack and rearranging,do not do this more than once every 3-6 months. Do a water change right afterwards.如果缸内一塌糊涂了或者水草长得失控，那就翻缸重新弄。不过不要频繁搞，最多3-6月一次，搞完后换一次水。You may have to remove some algae manually every so often but the algae grows slow also.你可能还是需要不定期手动清除一些藻类，但是它们肯定会长得很慢。That's it.翻完了Regards,Tom Barr由bravozf翻译
老鬼
再次感谢‘bravozf’，谢谢
老鬼
维佳
谢谢分享
betty_yy
学习了。不过建议下次这样的贴可以上面出英文原稿，下面出翻译稿。新人造次，请多见谅😜
老鬼
烟雾飞扬
学习了～看的有点累，不懂洋文
成都哇咔咔
文章前后逻辑不连贯不予加分